Lesson 129-132 | 核心句型：时速70英里、我们的新邻居 | 语法点：现在完成进行时的构成和用法、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别、情态动词表对过去的推测
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且可能仍然在进行。由"have/has + been + 现在分词"构成。
肯定句：主语 + have/has + been + 现在分词
否定句：主语 + have/has + not + been + 现在分词
疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词？
表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并且可能还在进行：
表示动作刚刚结束，但其结果对现在有影响：
表示重复的动作，带有感情色彩（如生气、惊讶等）：
| 时态 | 含义 | 强调 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 现在完成时 | 动作已经完成 | 强调动作的结果 | I have written a letter. 我写了一封信。（已经写完了） |
| 现在完成进行时 | 动作可能还在进行 | 强调动作的持续过程 | I have been writing a letter. 我一直在写信。（可能还在写） |
状态动词不能用于进行时态，只能用现在完成时：
表示动作做了多少次时，用现在完成时，不用现在完成进行时：
情态动词 + have + 过去分词，可以表示对过去发生的事情的推测。
| 结构 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| must have done | 用于肯定句，表示对过去事情的肯定推测"一定做过某事" | The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。 |
| can't have done | 用于否定句，表示对过去事情的否定推测"不可能做过某事" | He can't have gone abroad. I saw him yesterday. 他不可能出国了，我昨天还看见他了。 |
| may/might have done | 表示对过去事情的不太肯定的推测"可能做过某事" | He may have gone to the library. I'm not sure. 他可能去图书馆了，我不太确定。 |
| must have been doing | 表示对过去正在进行的动作的肯定推测"当时一定在做某事" | At 8 o'clock last night, I must have been watching TV. 昨晚8点的时候，我一定在看电视。 |
| can't have been doing | 表示对过去正在进行的动作的否定推测"当时不可能在做某事" | He can't have been working at that time. 他那时不可能在工作。 |
例句：
had better表示"最好"，用于表示建议或劝告，后面接动词原形，没有人称和时态的变化。
肯定句：主语 + had better + 动词原形
否定句：主语 + had better not + 动词原形
疑问句：Had + 主语 + better + 动词原形？
注意：had better的语气比should强，含有警告或告诫的意味。
当直接引语是祈使句时，变为间接引语要用"tell/ask sb. (not) to do sth."的结构。
当直接引语是一般疑问句时，变为间接引语要用if或whether引导：
1. I ______ (read) this book. I'll return it to you tomorrow.
2. I ______ (read) this book all afternoon. I haven't finished it yet.
3. He ______ (write) three letters to his parents this month.
4. He ______ (write) letters all afternoon. He must be tired.
5. They ______ (live) here for ten years.
1. have read 2. have been reading 3. has written 4. has been writing 5. have lived/have been living
1. The window is broken. Someone ______ (break) it.
2. He ______ (go) to Beijing. I saw him in the market just now.
3. She didn't answer the phone. She ______ (be) asleep.
4. He ______ (finish) his homework so quickly. It's only five minutes since he started.
5. The ground is covered with snow. It ______ (snow) last night.
1. must have broken 2. can't have gone 3. must have been 4. can't have finished 5. must have snowed
1. I ______ for three hours. I need to have a rest.
A. have been working B. have worked C. worked
2. He ______ the book. He can tell you the story now.
A. has read B. has been reading C. reads
3. You look very tired. You ______ too hard.
A. must work B. must have been working C. can work
4. You'd better ______ him the truth. He will know it sooner or later.
A. tell B. to tell C. telling
5. He asked me ______ I would go to the party.
A. that B. if C. what
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B
1. He began to study English three years ago, and he is still studying it now.（用现在完成进行时改写）
2. I'm sure he passed the exam.（用must have done改写）
3. It's impossible that he stole the money.（用can't have done改写）
4. You should go to see a doctor immediately.（用had better改写）
5. The teacher said to us, "Don't be late again."（改为间接引语）
1. He has been studying English for three years.
2. He must have passed the exam.
3. He can't have stolen the money.
4. You had better go to see a doctor immediately.
5. The teacher told us not to be late again.
1. 我已经学了两个小时数学了。
2. 他一定是把钥匙丢了。
3. 你最好不要告诉他这件事。
4. 她问我是否愿意帮助她。
5. 我整个下午都在打扫房子，所以很累。
1. I have been studying math for two hours.
2. He must have lost his key.
3. You had better not tell him about it.
4. She asked me if I would help her.
5. I have been cleaning the house all afternoon, so I'm very tired.