Lesson 133-136 | 核心句型：激动人心的旅行、他说他是…… | 语法点：that引导的宾语从句、宾语从句中的时态呼应、现在完成时的被动语态
当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
基本结构：主句 + that + 陈述句
常见的可以接that宾语从句的动词：
say, tell, think, know, believe, hope, hear, feel, suggest, agree等
当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，宾语从句的时态通常要作相应的变化，以保持和主句时态的一致。
| 直接引语（现在时态） | 间接引语（过去时态） | 变化规则 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在时 | 一般过去时 | He said, "I am happy." → He said (that) he was happy. |
| 现在进行时 | 过去进行时 | He said, "I am reading." → He said (that) he was reading. |
| 现在完成时 | 过去完成时 | He said, "I have finished." → He said (that) he had finished. |
| 一般过去时 | 过去完成时 | He said, "I bought a book." → He said (that) he had bought a book. |
| 一般将来时 | 过去将来时 | He said, "I will come." → He said (that) he would come. |
| 情态动词现在式 | 情态动词过去式 | He said, "I can swim." → He said (that) he could swim. |
特殊情况：如果从句表达的是客观真理、自然现象或习惯，即使主句是过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时：
现在完成时的被动语态表示动作已经完成，且主语是动作的承受者。结构是"have/has + been + 过去分词"。
肯定句：主语 + have/has + been + 过去分词
否定句：主语 + have/has + not + been + 过去分词
疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词？
使用场景：
| 短语 | 含义 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| have been to | 去过某地（已经回来） | 表示有过某种经历 | I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。（现在已经回来了） |
| have gone to | 去了某地（还没回来） | 表示现在在某地或在去某地的路上 | He has gone to Beijing. He will be back next week. 他去北京了，下周回来。（现在不在这里） |
have been in表示在某地待了多长时间：
| 短语 | 含义 | 谓语动词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| a number of | 许多，大量 | 复数 | A number of students are playing on the playground. 许多学生在操场上玩。 |
| the number of | ……的数量 | 单数 | The number of students in our class is 50. 我们班学生的数量是50人。 |
过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，由"would + 动词原形"或"was/were going to + 动词原形"构成。
would + 动词原形：
was/were going to + 动词原形：
过去将来时常用于宾语从句中，主句是过去时态：
1. He said, "I am very busy now."
2. She said, "I will go to the park tomorrow."
3. They said, "We have finished our homework."
4. He told me, "I bought a new car last week."
5. She said, "I can speak three languages."
1. He said (that) he was very busy then.
2. She said (that) she would go to the park the next day.
3. They said (that) they had finished their homework.
4. He told me (that) he had bought a new car the week before.
5. She said (that) she could speak three languages.
1. He ______ Beijing three times. He knows the city very well.
2. Where is Tom? He ______ the library. He will be back in an hour.
3. My father ______ Shanghai for two months. He will come back next week.
4. ______ you ever ______ Sydney?
5. How long ______ you ______ this city?
1. has been to 2. has gone to 3. has been in 4. Have been to 5. have been in
1. We have finished the work.
2. They have built three new schools in the town.
3. Someone has stolen my bike.
4. I have already posted the letters.
5. The workers have repaired the car.
1. The work has been finished.
2. Three new schools have been built in the town.
3. My bike has been stolen.
4. The letters have already been posted.
5. The car has been repaired by the workers.
1. He said he ______ to the party the next day.
A. will come B. would come C. comes
2. ______ students in our school are from the countryside.
A. A number of B. The number of C. The number
3. The work ______ yet.
A. has finished B. hasn't been finished C. hasn't finished
4. He ______ London. He will be back next month.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in
5. I know ______ he is a good student.
A. what B. that C. if
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B
1. 他告诉我他已经写完作业了。
2. 我去过长城三次。
3. 这本书已经被翻译成多种语言了。
4. 她说她下周会来看我。
5. 我们学校的学生数量是2000人。
1. He told me (that) he had already finished his homework.
2. I have been to the Great Wall three times.
3. This book has been translated into many languages.
4. She said (that) she would come to see me next week.
5. The number of students in our school is 2000.