第29-32课 祈使句与现在进行时

Lesson 29-32 | 核心句型:祈使句、现在进行时 | 语法点:must情态动词、现在分词变化规则

核心句型

1. 第29-30课 整理房间

Come in, Amy. 进来,艾米。
Shut the door, please. 请把门关上。
This bedroom's very untidy. 这卧室太不整洁了。
What must I do, Mrs. Jones? 我应该做些什么呢,琼斯夫人?
Open the window and air the room. 打开窗子,给房间通通风。
Then put these clothes in the wardrobe. 然后把这些衣服放进衣橱里去。
Then make the bed. 再把床整理一下。
Dust the dressing table. 掸掉梳妆台上的灰尘。
Then sweep the floor. 然后扫扫地。
Put on your coat. 穿上你的外套。
Take off your shoes. 脱掉你的鞋子。
Turn on the light. 开灯。
Turn off the tap. 关水龙头。

2. 第31-32课 现在进行时

Where's Sally, Jack? 杰克,萨莉在哪儿?
She's in the garden, Jean. 她在花园里,琼。
What's she doing? 她在干什么?
She's sitting under the tree. 她正在树下坐着。
Is Tim in the garden, too? 蒂姆也在花园里吗?
Yes, he is. 是的,他也在。
He's climbing the tree. 他正在爬树。
I beg your pardon? 你说什么?
Who's climbing the tree? 谁在爬树?
Tim is. 蒂姆在爬树。
What about the dog? 那么狗呢?
The dog's in the garden, too. 狗也在花园里。
It's running across the grass. 它正在草地上跑。
It's running after a cat. 它在追一只猫。

语法知识点

1. 祈使句

祈使句用于表达命令、请求、建议、劝告等,主语you通常省略,谓语动词用原形。

(1)肯定祈使句:动词原形开头

Open the door. 开门。
Sit down, please. 请坐。
Be careful! 小心!

(2)否定祈使句:Don't + 动词原形开头

Don't open the door. 不要开门。
Don't be late. 不要迟到。
Don't smoke here. 不要在这里吸烟。

(3)委婉祈使句:在句首或句末加please

Please pass me the salt. 请把盐递给我。
Give me a cup of tea, please. 请给我一杯茶。

2. 情态动词must的用法

must表示"必须,应该",没有人称和数的变化,后面接动词原形。

(1)肯定句:主语 + must + 动词原形

I must go now. 我现在必须走了。
You must finish your homework first. 你必须先完成作业。
We must be on time. 我们必须准时。

(2)否定句:主语 + mustn't + 动词原形(表示"禁止,不允许")

You mustn't smoke here. 你不许在这里吸烟。
Children mustn't play with fire. 小孩子不准玩火。

(3)疑问句:Must + 主语 + 动词原形?

Must I clean the room now? 我必须现在打扫房间吗?
肯定回答:Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。
否定回答:No, you needn't. 不,你不必。

3. 现在进行时

现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

(1)基本结构:am/is/are + 动词-ing形式(现在分词)

I am reading a book. 我正在读书。
He is watching TV. 他正在看电视。
They are playing football. 他们正在踢足球。

(2)现在分词的变化规则:

规则 动词原形 现在分词
一般情况直接加-ing read, work, play reading, working, playing
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e加-ing write, make, take writing, making, taking
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing run, swim, sit, get, put running, swimming, sitting, getting, putting
以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y再加-ing lie, die, tie lying, dying, tying

(3)现在进行时的四种形式:

形式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing + 其他 She is singing a song. 她正在唱歌。
否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词-ing + 其他 She isn't singing a song. 她没在唱歌。
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他? Is she singing a song? 她在唱歌吗?
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他? What is she doing? 她在做什么?

(4)一般疑问句回答:

Is he reading a book? 他在看书吗?
Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. 是的,他在看。/ 不,他没在看。
Are they playing basketball? 他们在打篮球吗?
Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. 是的,他们在打。/ 不,他们没在打。

4. 常用动词短语

动词短语 含义 例句
put on 穿上 Put on your coat. It's cold outside. 穿上你的外套,外面很冷。
take off 脱掉 Take off your shoes before entering the house. 进屋前脱掉你的鞋子。
turn on 打开(电器) Turn on the light, please. 请开灯。
turn off 关闭(电器) Turn off the TV when you leave. 离开时把电视关掉。
sweep the floor 扫地 I am sweeping the floor. 我正在扫地。
make the bed 整理床铺 Please make the bed after getting up. 起床后请整理床铺。
dust the table 掸掉桌上的灰尘 She is dusting the table. 她正在擦桌子上的灰。
air the room 给房间通风 Open the window and air the room. 打开窗子给房间通通风。
run across 跑着穿过 The dog is running across the grass. 狗正在跑着穿过草地。
run after 追赶 The cat is running after the mouse. 猫正在追老鼠。

配套练习

练习一:写出下列动词的现在分词形式

1. read ______

reading

2. write ______

writing

3. run ______

running

4. swim ______

swimming

5. lie ______

lying

练习二:用am, is, are填空

1. I ______ reading a book.

am

2. She ______ watching TV.

is

3. They ______ playing football.

are

练习三:将下列句子改为现在进行时

1. I read a book every day. (now)

I am reading a book now.

2. He plays football after school. (at the moment)

He is playing football at the moment.

练习四:翻译下列句子

1. 请打开窗户。

Open the window, please.

2. 你必须先完成作业。

You must finish your homework first.

3. 他们正在公园里玩。

They are playing in the park.