Lesson 29-32 | 核心句型:祈使句、现在进行时 | 语法点:must情态动词、现在分词变化规则
祈使句用于表达命令、请求、建议、劝告等,主语you通常省略,谓语动词用原形。
must表示"必须,应该",没有人称和数的变化,后面接动词原形。
现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
| 规则 | 动词原形 | 现在分词 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般情况直接加-ing | read, work, play | reading, working, playing |
| 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e加-ing | write, make, take | writing, making, taking |
| 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing | run, swim, sit, get, put | running, swimming, sitting, getting, putting |
| 以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y再加-ing | lie, die, tie | lying, dying, tying |
| 形式 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | 主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing + 其他 | She is singing a song. 她正在唱歌。 |
| 否定句 | 主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词-ing + 其他 | She isn't singing a song. 她没在唱歌。 |
| 一般疑问句 | Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他? | Is she singing a song? 她在唱歌吗? |
| 特殊疑问句 | 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他? | What is she doing? 她在做什么? |
| 动词短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| put on | 穿上 | Put on your coat. It's cold outside. 穿上你的外套,外面很冷。 |
| take off | 脱掉 | Take off your shoes before entering the house. 进屋前脱掉你的鞋子。 |
| turn on | 打开(电器) | Turn on the light, please. 请开灯。 |
| turn off | 关闭(电器) | Turn off the TV when you leave. 离开时把电视关掉。 |
| sweep the floor | 扫地 | I am sweeping the floor. 我正在扫地。 |
| make the bed | 整理床铺 | Please make the bed after getting up. 起床后请整理床铺。 |
| dust the table | 掸掉桌上的灰尘 | She is dusting the table. 她正在擦桌子上的灰。 |
| air the room | 给房间通风 | Open the window and air the room. 打开窗子给房间通通风。 |
| run across | 跑着穿过 | The dog is running across the grass. 狗正在跑着穿过草地。 |
| run after | 追赶 | The cat is running after the mouse. 猫正在追老鼠。 |
1. read ______
reading
2. write ______
writing
3. run ______
running
4. swim ______
swimming
5. lie ______
lying
1. I ______ reading a book.
am
2. She ______ watching TV.
is
3. They ______ playing football.
are
1. I read a book every day. (now)
I am reading a book now.
2. He plays football after school. (at the moment)
He is playing football at the moment.
1. 请打开窗户。
Open the window, please.
2. 你必须先完成作业。
You must finish your homework first.
3. 他们正在公园里玩。
They are playing in the park.