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第37-40课一般将来时

Lesson 37-40 | 核心句型：be going to结构 | 语法点：一般将来时、时间状语、可数与不可数名词

核心句型

1. 第37-38课做书架

You're working hard, George. 你干得真辛苦，乔治。

What are you doing? 你在干什么呢？

I'm making a bookcase. 我正在做书架。

Give me that hammer please, Dan. 请把那把锤子拿给我，丹。

Which hammer? 哪一把？

This one? 是这把吗？

No, not that one. The big one. 不，不是那把。是那把大的。

Here you are. 给你。

Thanks, Dan. 谢谢，丹。

What are you going to do now, George? 你现在打算干什么，乔治？

I'm going to paint it. 我打算把它漆一下。

What colour are you going to paint it? 你打算把它漆成什么颜色？

I'm going to paint it pink. 我想把它漆成粉红色。

Pink! 粉红色！

This bookcase isn't for me. 这个书架不是为我做的。

It's for my daughter, Susan. 是为我女儿苏珊做的。

Pink's her favourite colour. 粉红色是她最喜欢的颜色。

2. 第39-40课别摔了

What are you going to do with that vase, Penny? 你打算如何处理那个花瓶，彭妮？

I'm going to put it on this table, Sam. 我打算把它放在这张桌子上，萨姆。

Don't do that. 不要放在那儿。

Give it to me. 把它给我。

What are you going to do with it? 你打算怎么办？

I'm going to put it here, in front of the window. 我打算把它放在这儿，窗户前面。

Be careful! 小心点！

Don't drop it! 别摔了！

Don't put it there, Sam. 别放在那儿，萨姆。

Put it here, on this shelf. 放在这儿，这个架子上。

There we are! 好了！

It's a lovely vase. 这是只漂亮的花瓶。

Those flowers are lovely, too. 那些花也很漂亮。

语法知识点

1. 一般将来时（be going to结构）

be going to结构表示"打算、计划、将要做某事"，通常指事先考虑好的意图或有迹象表明即将发生的动作。

（1）基本结构：主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形

I am going to visit my grandparents tomorrow. 我明天打算去看望我的祖父母。

She is going to buy a new dress next week. 她下周打算买一条新裙子。

They are going to play football this afternoon. 他们今天下午打算踢足球。

（2）四种句式变化：

句式	结构	例句
肯定句	主语 + be + going to + 动词原形	He is going to study English. 他打算学英语。
否定句	主语 + be + not + going to + 动词原形	He is not going to study English. 他不打算学英语。
一般疑问句	Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形？	Is he going to study English? 他打算学英语吗？
特殊疑问句	疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形？	What is he going to study? 他打算学什么？

（3）一般疑问句回答：

Are you going to watch TV tonight? 你今晚打算看电视吗？

Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. 是的，我打算看。/ 不，我不打算看。

Is she going to have a party? 她要开派对吗？

Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. 是的。/ 不，她不打算开。

2. 时间状语

一般将来时常与表示将来的时间状语连用：

时间状语	含义	例句
tomorrow	明天	I'm going to see a film tomorrow. 我明天打算去看电影。
next week/month/year	下周/下个月/明年	We are going to travel next month. 我们下个月打算去旅行。
this afternoon/evening	今天下午/晚上	He is going to play basketball this afternoon. 他今天下午要打篮球。
in the future	在将来	I want to be a teacher in the future. 我将来想当老师。
soon	不久	The train is coming soon. 火车很快就要来了。
the day after tomorrow	后天	They are going to move to a new house the day after tomorrow. 他们后天要搬新家。

3. 双宾语结构

有些动词后面可以接两个宾语：指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。

（1）结构：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语

Give me the book. 给我那本书。

Pass him the salt. 把盐递给他。

Send her a letter. 给她寄一封信。

（2）也可以用介词to或for转换结构：

Give the book to me. 把书给我。

Buy a present for your mother. 给你妈妈买个礼物。

动词	搭配介词	例句
give, pass, show, send, teach, tell	to	Show the picture to me. = Show me the picture. 把图片给我看看。
buy, make, cook, sing, draw	for	Make a cake for me. = Make me a cake. 给我做个蛋糕。

4. 可数名词与不可数名词

类别	特点	例子	修饰词
可数名词	可以计数，有单复数形式	book, pen, student, apple	a/an, one, two, many, a few
不可数名词	不能计数，没有复数形式	water, milk, bread, rice, time	some, any, much, a little

注意：

There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。

There are many books on the shelf. 书架上有很多书。

I want a piece of bread. 我想要一片面包。

配套练习

练习一：用所给词的适当形式填空

1. I ______ (go) to the park tomorrow.

am going to go

2. She ______ (buy) a new computer next week.

is going to buy

3. They ______ (play) football this afternoon.

are going to play

练习二：句型转换

1. He is going to visit his uncle.（改为否定句）

He is not going to visit his uncle.

2. They are going to have a party.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）

Are they going to have a party? Yes, they are.

练习三：对划线部分提问

1. I'm going to buy a book tomorrow. （对buy a book提问）

What are you going to do tomorrow?

2. She is going to paint the bookcase pink. （对pink提问）

What colour is she going to paint the bookcase?

练习四：翻译下列句子

1. 我打算明天去看望我的祖父母。

I'm going to visit my grandparents tomorrow.

2. 请把那把锤子递给我。

Please pass me that hammer. / Pass that hammer to me, please.

3. 小心！别把花瓶摔了。

Be careful! Don't drop the vase.