首页 > 第49-52课 一般现在时

第49-52课 一般现在时

Lesson 49-52 | 核心句型：在肉店、他喜欢牛排 | 语法点：一般现在时、第三人称单数、选择疑问句、主谓一致

核心句型

1. 第49-50课 在肉店

What do you want today, Mrs. Bird? 您今天要点什么，伯德夫人？
I want some beef, please. 请给我一些牛肉。
Do you want beef or lamb? 您要牛肉还是要羔羊肉？
Beef, please. 请给我牛肉。
This lamb's very good. 这羔羊肉很好。
I like lamb, but my husband doesn't. 我喜欢羔羊肉，可我丈夫不喜欢。
What about some steak? 来点牛排吗？
This is a nice piece. 这块很好。
Give me that piece, please. 就请给我那块吧。
And a pound of mince, too. 再来一磅肉馅。
Do you want a chicken, Mrs. Bird? 您要一只鸡吗，伯德夫人？
They're very nice. 这些鸡很好。
No, thank you. 不用了，谢谢。
My husband likes steak, but he doesn't like chicken. 我丈夫喜欢牛排，但他不喜欢鸡。
To tell you the truth, Mrs. Bird, I don't like chicken either! 说老实话，伯德夫人，我也不喜欢鸡！

2. 第51-52课 宜人的气候

Where do you come from? 你是哪国人？
I come from England. 我是英国人。
What's the climate like in your country? 你们国家的气候怎么样？
It's mild, but it's not always pleasant. 气候温和，但也不总是宜人的。
The weather's often cold in the North and windy in the East. 北部的天气常常寒冷，东部则常常刮风。
It's often wet in the West and sometimes warm in the South. 西部常下雨，南部有时则很暖和。
Which seasons do you like best? 你最喜欢哪些季节？
I like spring and summer. 我最喜欢春季和夏季。
The days are long and the nights are short. 白天长而夜晚短。
The sun rises early and sets late. 太阳升得早而落得晚。
I don't like autumn and winter. 我不喜欢秋季和冬季。
The days are short and the nights are long. 白天短而夜晚长。
The sun rises late and sets early. 太阳升得晚而落得早。
Our climate is not very good, but it's certainly interesting. 我们的气候虽然不是很好，但却很有意思。
It's our favourite subject of conversation. 天气是我们最喜欢谈论的话题。

语法知识点

1. 一般现在时详解

一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，也表示客观事实和普遍真理。

（1）基本用法：

① 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。
I go to school every day. 我每天上学。
He plays football on Sundays. 他周日踢足球。
② 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
Two and two make four. 二加二等于四。
③ 表示现在的状态、特征、能力等。
She likes music. 她喜欢音乐。
He speaks English very well. 他英语说得很好。

2. 第三人称单数动词变化规则

当主语是第三人称单数（he, she, it, 单数名词，不可数名词）时，谓语动词要加s或es。

情况 变化规则 例子
一般情况 加s like → likes, play → plays, read → reads
以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾 加es watch → watches, wash → washes, go → goes, do → does
以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i加es study → studies, fly → flies, try → tries
特殊变化 不规则变化 have → has, be → is

动词have的变化：第一、二人称和复数用have，第三人称单数用has。

I have a book. 我有一本书。
He has a car. 他有一辆车。

3. 一般现在时的句式变化

（1）be动词的一般现在时：

句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 其他 She is a teacher. 她是老师。
否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他 She is not a teacher. 她不是老师。
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 其他？ Is she a teacher? 她是老师吗？
回答 Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. / No, 主语 + am/is/are + not. Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.

（2）实义动词的一般现在时：

句式 非第三人称单数 第三人称单数
肯定句 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + 动词s/es + 其他
例句 I like apples. 我喜欢苹果。 He likes apples. 他喜欢苹果。
否定句 主语 + don't + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他
例句 I don't like apples. 我不喜欢苹果。 He doesn't like apples. 他不喜欢苹果。
一般疑问句 Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
例句 Do you like apples? 你喜欢苹果吗？ Does he like apples? 他喜欢苹果吗？
回答 Yes, I do. / No, I don't. Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

注意：否定句和疑问句中，因为已经用了don't/doesn't，后面的动词必须用原形！

✅ He doesn't like coffee. 他不喜欢咖啡。
❌ He doesn't likes coffee.

4. 选择疑问句

提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种回答，叫选择疑问句。

（1）结构：一般疑问句 + or + 选择部分？

Do you want beef or lamb? 你要牛肉还是羔羊肉？
Is he a teacher or a doctor? 他是老师还是医生？
Does she like singing or dancing? 她喜欢唱歌还是跳舞？

（2）回答：不能用Yes/No回答，必须选择其中一项或作其他回答。

- Do you want beef or lamb?
- Beef, please. / I want lamb. 请给我牛肉。/ 我想要羔羊肉。
- Is he a teacher or a doctor?
- He is a teacher. 他是老师。

5. 主谓一致

谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

主语类型 谓语动词形式 例句
I 用am / 动词原形 I am a student. I study hard.
You / We / They / 复数名词 用are / 动词原形 They are students. They study hard.
He / She / It / 单数名词 / 不可数名词 用is / 动词s/es He is a student. He studies hard.

配套练习

练习一：写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式

1. go ______ 2. do ______ 3. watch ______ 4. wash ______

5. study ______ 6. fly ______ 7. have ______ 8. play ______

1. goes 2. does 3. watches 4. washes

5. studies 6. flies 7. has 8. plays

练习二：用do/does, don't/doesn't填空

1. ______ you like beef? Yes, I ______.

2. ______ he like lamb? No, he ______.

3. My husband ______ like chicken.

4. ______ they come from England?

1. Do, do 2. Does, doesn't 3. doesn't 4. Do

练习三：用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. He ______ (go) to work every day.

2. She ______ (study) English very hard.

3. I ______ (not like) coffee.

4. The sun ______ (rise) in the east.

5. ______ your father ______ (work) in a factory?

1. goes 2. studies 3. don't like 4. rises 5. Does, work

练习四：翻译下列句子

1. 你喜欢牛肉还是羊肉？

2. 我丈夫喜欢牛排，但他不喜欢鸡肉。

3. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。

4. 她每天早上7点钟起床。

1. Do you like beef or lamb?

2. My husband likes steak, but he doesn't like chicken.

3. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

4. She gets up at 7 o'clock every morning.

上一课：第45-48课 情态动词can 下一课：第53-56课 现在进行时与一般现在时对比