Lesson 81-84 | 核心句型：晚餐准备好了、度假 | 语法点：现在完成时与一般过去时对比、have/have got用法、用餐表达、假期活动描述
这两课是现在完成时和一般过去时的综合运用，重点区分两种时态的使用场景：
典型对比句型：
时态选择规律：
have是一个非常活跃的动词，在不同语境中有不同的含义：
| 用法 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| have + 食物/饮料 | 吃，喝 | have breakfast/lunch/dinner 吃早/午/晚饭 have a cup of coffee 喝一杯咖啡 have some fish 吃点鱼 |
| have + 活动 | 进行，从事 | have a holiday 度假 have a lesson 上课 have a meeting 开会 |
| have + 疾病/不适 | 患，得 | have a cold 感冒 have a headache 头疼 have a fever 发烧 |
| have + 名词 | 有，拥有 | have a car 有一辆车 have a house 有一栋房子 |
| have to + 动词原形 | 必须，不得不 | I have to go now. 我现在得走了。 |
注意：表示"吃、喝、进行活动"等含义时，have是实义动词，构成否定和疑问时要加助动词do/does/did，不能直接加not或提前构成疑问句
现在完成时常与以下副词连用，这些词是判断使用现在完成时的重要标志：
| 标志词 | 含义 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| already | 已经 | 用于肯定句，放在have/has和过去分词之间或句末 | I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。 |
| just | 刚刚 | 用于肯定句，放在have/has和过去分词之间 | He has just left. 他刚走。 |
| yet | 还，仍然，已经 | 用于否定句和疑问句，放在句末 | Have you finished your homework yet? 你做完作业了吗？ I haven't finished yet. 我还没做完。 |
| ever | 曾经 | 用于疑问句，放在have/has和过去分词之间 | Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗？ |
| never | 从不 | 用于否定句，放在have/has和过去分词之间 | I have never been to Beijing. 我从未去过北京。 |
| before | 以前 | 用于句末 | I have seen this film before. 我以前看过这部电影。 |
| for + 时间段 | 持续……时间 | 表示动作持续的时间 | I have lived here for 10 years. 我在这里住了10年了。 |
| since + 时间点 | 自从……以来 | 表示动作开始的时间 | I have lived here since 2013. 我从2013年开始住在这里。 |
就餐常用句型：
常见餐食名称：
1. A: ______ you ______ (see) the film 'Avatar'?
B: Yes, I ______.
A: When ______ you ______ (see) it?
B: I ______ (see) it last month.
2. I ______ already ______ (finish) my homework. I ______ (finish) it an hour ago.
3. He ______ (live) in this city since he was born.
4. They ______ (go) to Beijing last year.
5. ______ you ever ______ (be) to the Great Wall?
1. Have, seen, have, did, see, saw 2. have, finished, finished 3. has lived 4. went 5. Have, been
1. Mrs. Brown ______ in New York for three years before she went to London.
A. lived B. has lived C. lives
2. - ______ you ______ your homework yet?
- Yes, I ______ it ten minutes ago.
A. Did, finish, finished B. Have, finished, finished C. Have, finished, have finished
3. I ______ to the park yesterday. I ______ there many times.
A. went, have been B. have gone, went C. went, went
4. - Have you ever been to Hangzhou?
- No, I ______.
A. haven't B. didn't C. don't
5. She ______ for 12 years. Now she is a great dancer.
A. is dancing B. danced C. has danced
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C
1. I have already read this book.（改为否定句）
2. He has had lunch.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）
3. They have lived here for 5 years.（对划线部分提问）
4. She bought a new bike last week.（用already改写句子）
1. I haven't read this book yet.
2. Has he had lunch? No, he hasn't.
3. How long have they lived here?
4. She has already bought a new bike.
1. 我已经吃过晚饭了，我7点吃的。
2. 你曾经去过上海吗？是的，我去过两次。
3. 我们正在收拾行李，明天要去度假。
4. 晚饭准备好了，我们吃烤牛肉和土豆。
1. I have already had dinner. I had it at 7 o'clock.
2. Have you ever been to Shanghai? Yes, I have been there twice.
3. We are packing our suitcases. We are going to have a holiday tomorrow.
4. Dinner is ready. We are having roast beef and potatoes.