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第117-120课 过去进行时与时间状语从句

Lesson 117-120 | 核心句型： Tommy的早餐、礼貌的请求 | 语法点：过去进行时的构成和用法、when和while引导的时间状语从句、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别

核心句型

1. 第117-118课 Tommy的早餐

Father: What were you doing when I knocked at the door? 父亲：我敲门的时候你在干什么？
Tommy: I was listening to the radio. 汤米：我正在听收音机。
Father: What about you? 父亲：你呢？
Mother: I was cooking in the kitchen. 母亲：我当时正在厨房做饭。
Father: What was Tim doing when I knocked at the door? 父亲：我敲门时蒂姆在干什么？
Tommy: He was doing his homework. 汤米：他正在做作业。
Father: What were you all doing when the telephone rang? 父亲：电话铃响的时候你们都在干什么？
Tommy: Well, when the telephone rang, I was having breakfast. 汤米：哦，电话铃响的时候，我正在吃早饭。
Mother: I was washing the dishes. 母亲：我正在洗盘子。
Father: Was Tim having breakfast, too? 父亲：蒂姆也在吃早饭吗？
Tommy: No, he was reading a book. 汤米：不，他正在看书。
Father: And what about the dog? 父亲：那狗呢？
Tommy: It was eating a bone. 汤米：它在啃骨头。

2. 第119-120课 礼貌的请求

Customer: I bought two expensive dictionaries here half an hour ago, but I forgot to take them with me. 顾客：半小时以前我在这里买了两本很贵的辞典，但是我忘了拿走。
Manager: Who served you, sir? 经理：先生，是谁接待您的？
Customer: The lady who is standing behind the counter. 顾客：站在柜台后面的那位女士。
Manager: Which books did you buy? 经理：您买的是两本什么书？
Customer: The books which are on the counter. 顾客：就是柜台上的那两本。
Manager: Did you serve this gentleman half an hour ago, Caroline? 经理：卡罗琳，半小时以前你接待过这位先生吗？
He says he's the man who bought these books. 他说他就是买这两本书的人。
Caroline: I can't remember, sir. The man who I served was wearing a hat. 卡罗琳：我记不起来了，先生。我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。
Manager: Have you got a hat, sir? Would you put it on, please? 经理：先生，您有帽子吗？请您戴上帽子好吗？
Customer: All right. 顾客：好的。
Manager: Is this the man that you served, Caroline? 经理：卡罗琳，这就是你接待的那个人吗？
Caroline: Yes, sir. I recognize him now. 卡罗琳：是的，先生。我现在认出他来了。

语法知识点

1. 过去进行时的构成和用法

过去进行时表示过去某个特定时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作，由"was/were + 现在分词"构成。

肯定句：主语 + was/were + 现在分词

I was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night. 昨晚8点我正在看电视。
They were playing football when it began to rain. 开始下雨的时候他们正在踢足球。
He was reading a book when I came in. 我进来的时候他正在看书。

否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词

I was not watching TV at that time. 那时我没有在看电视。
They were not playing football yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午他们没有在踢足球。
He was not reading when I entered the room. 我进屋的时候他没有在看书。

疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词？

Were you doing your homework at 7 o'clock yesterday evening? 昨晚7点你在做作业吗？
Was he sleeping when you called him? 你给他打电话的时候他在睡觉吗？
What were you doing when the accident happened? 事故发生的时候你在干什么？

2. 过去进行时的用法

表示过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作：

What were you doing at 10 o'clock yesterday morning? 昨天上午10点你在干什么？
I was having a meeting at that time. 那时我正在开会。

表示过去某个时间段内持续进行的动作：

They were building the bridge last winter. 去年冬天他们在建这座桥。
She was studying in the library the whole afternoon. 她整个下午都在图书馆学习。

描述故事发生的背景：

One day, we were walking along the river when it suddenly began to rain. 一天，我们正沿着河边散步，突然开始下雨了。
The children were playing happily when their mother came back. 孩子们正玩得高兴，这时他们的妈妈回来了。

3. when和while引导的时间状语从句

连词 用法 例句
when 既可以指时间点，也可以指时间段，从句的动作可以是短暂性动作也可以是延续性动作 I was cooking when he knocked at the door. 他敲门的时候我正在做饭。
while 只能指时间段，从句的动作必须是延续性动作，常用进行时态 While I was cooking, he was watching TV. 我做饭的时候，他在看电视。

when的用法：

He was doing his homework when the telephone rang. 电话铃响的时候他正在做作业。（rang是短暂性动作）
When I arrived at the station, the train had already left. 我到车站的时候，火车已经开走了。（arrived是短暂性动作）

while的用法：

While we were having dinner, the light went out. 我们正在吃饭的时候，灯灭了。（having dinner是延续性动作）
My mother was cleaning the house while my father was repairing the car. 我妈妈在打扫房子的时候，我爸爸在修车。（两个动作同时进行，都是延续性的）

4. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别

时态 含义 用法 例句
过去进行时 强调过去某个时间正在进行的动作 动作未完成，强调过程 I was writing a letter last night. 昨晚我在写一封信。（可能没写完）
一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 动作已完成，强调结果 I wrote a letter last night. 昨晚我写了一封信。（已经写完了）

两个动作同时发生：

When my mother came in, I was watching TV. 我妈妈进来的时候，我正在看电视。（came in是短暂性动作，用一般过去时；was watching是正在进行的动作，用过去进行时）
While I was doing my homework, my father was reading a newspaper. 我在做作业的时候，我爸爸在看报纸。（两个动作同时进行，都用过去进行时）

5. 定语从句中的关系代词who, which, that

定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，被修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句通常放在先行词的后面，由关系代词who, which, that等引导。

who 指人，在从句中作主语或宾语：

The man who is standing there is my father. 站在那里的那个人是我爸爸。（who作主语）
The girl who you met yesterday is my sister. 你昨天见到的那个女孩是我妹妹。（who作宾语，可以省略）

which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语：

The book which is on the desk is mine. 桌子上的那本书是我的。（which作主语）
The pen which you gave me is very nice. 你给我的那支笔很好用。（which作宾语，可以省略）

that 既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作主语或宾语：

The man that is talking to our teacher is Tom's father. 正在和我们老师谈话的那个人是汤姆的爸爸。（指人，作主语）
The film that we saw last night was very interesting. 我们昨晚看的那部电影很有趣。（指物，作宾语，可以省略）

6. 不规则动词过去式和过去分词表（九）

原形 过去式 过去分词 词义
meet met met 遇见
pay paid paid 支付
put put put 放
read read read 读
ride rode ridden 骑
ring rang rung （铃）响，打电话
rise rose risen 升起，上升
run ran run 跑
say said said 说
see saw seen 看见
sell sold sold 卖
send sent sent 发送，寄
set set set 放置，设置
shake shook shaken 摇动，握手
shine shone shone 发光，照耀

配套练习

练习一：用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. What ______ you ______ (do) at 8 o'clock yesterday evening?

2. When I came in, he ______ (read) a newspaper.

3. While my mother ______ (cook), my father ______ (watch) TV.

4. It ______ (rain) when we went out.

5. What ______ he ______ (do) when the accident happened?

1. were doing 2. was reading 3. was cooking, was watching 4. was raining 5. was doing

练习二：用when或while填空

1. ______ I was walking down the street, I met an old friend.

2. ______ he got home, it was already dark.

3. She was listening to music ______ her brother was playing computer games.

4. ______ the bell rang, we were having a test.

5. ______ we were waiting for the bus, it began to rain.

1. While/When 2. When 3. while 4. When 5. While/When

练习三：选择正确的关系代词who/which/that填空

1. The girl ______ is wearing a red dress is my classmate.

2. The book ______ you lent me is very interesting.

3. The man ______ you saw just now is our new teacher.

4. The house ______ we live in is very old.

5. The film ______ we saw last night was very exciting.

1. who/that 2. which/that 3. who/that 4. which/that 5. which/that

练习四：选择填空

1. What ______ you ______ when I called you yesterday?
A. did, do B. were, doing C. are, doing

2. While I ______ to the radio, my brother ______ his homework.
A. listened, did B. was listening, was doing C. listen, do

3. The man ______ is standing under the tree is my uncle.
A. which B. who C. where

4. He ______ to the party last night, because he was ill.
A. didn't come B. wasn't coming C. doesn't come

5. I was doing my homework ______ my mother came back.
A. when B. while C. which

1. B 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. A

练习五：翻译下列句子

1. 昨天下午3点你在干什么？

2. 我到家的时候，我妈妈正在做饭。

3. 他做作业的时候，他爸爸在看报纸。

4. 站在门口的那个人是谁？

5. 我正在街上走的时候，突然遇到了我的老师。

1. What were you doing at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon?

2. When I got home, my mother was cooking.

3. While he was doing his homework, his father was reading a newspaper.

4. Who is the man who/that is standing at the door?

5. When/While I was walking along the street, I suddenly met my teacher.

上一课：第113-116课 情态动词与反身代词 下一课：第121-124课 定语从句与现在完成时