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第61-64课 一般过去时

Lesson 61-64 | 核心句型：他怎么了、你上周做了什么 | 语法点：be动词过去式、have/has过去式、一般过去时用法、过去时间状语

核心句型

1. 第61-62课 他怎么了？

Where's Jimmy? 吉米在哪儿？
He's in bed. 他在床上。
What's the matter with him? 他怎么了？
He feels ill. 他觉得不舒服。
He looks ill. 他看上去是病了。
We must call the doctor. 我们得请医生。
Yes, we must. 是的，必须请。
Can you remember the doctor's telephone number? 你还记得医生的电话号码吗？
Yes. It's 09754. 记得。是09754。
Open your mouth, Jimmy. 把嘴张开，吉米。
Show me your tongue. 让我看看你的舌头。
Say, "Ah". 说"啊"。
What's the matter with him, doctor? 他怎么了，医生？
He has a bad cold, Mr. Williams, so he must stay in bed for a week. 他得了重感冒，威廉斯先生，因此他必须卧床一周。
That's good news for Jimmy. 对吉米来说，这可是个好消息。
Good news? Why? 好消息？为什么？
Because he doesn't like school! 因为他不喜欢上学！

2. 第63-64课 谢谢你，医生

How's Jimmy today? 吉米今天怎么样了？
He's better now, thank you, doctor. 他好些了，谢谢您，医生。
Can I see him please, Mrs. Williams? 我可以看看他吗，威廉斯夫人？
Certainly, doctor. Come upstairs. 当然可以，医生。上楼吧。
You look very well, Jimmy. 你看上去很好，吉米。
You are better now, but you mustn't get up yet. 你现在好些了，但还不能起床。
You must stay in bed for another two days. 你必须再卧床两天。
The boy mustn't go to school yet, Mrs. Williams. 这孩子还不能去上学，威廉斯夫人。
And he mustn't eat rich food. 而且他不能吃油腻的食物。
Does he have a temperature, doctor? 他还发烧吗，医生？
No, he doesn't. 不，他不发烧了。
Must he stay in bed? 他必须卧床吗？
Yes. He must remain in bed for another two days. 是的，他必须再卧床两天。
He can get up for about two hours each day, but you must keep the room warm. 他每天可以起来两个小时，但您必须保持房间温暖。
Where's Mr. Williams this evening? 威廉斯先生今晚去哪儿了？
He's in bed, doctor. Can you see him please? 他在床上呢，医生。您能看看他吗？
He has a bad cold, too! 他也得了重感冒！

语法知识点

1. 一般过去时概述

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。

过去时间状语：yesterday, last week, last month, last year, yesterday morning, the day before yesterday, just now, in 2020等

基本用法：

① 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
I was ill yesterday. 我昨天生病了。
He went to Beijing last week. 他上周去北京了。
② 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作
When I was a child, I often played football. 我小时候经常踢足球。
He always walked to school last year. 去年他总是步行上学。

2. be动词的过去式

be动词的过去式有两种：was和were，根据人称和数变化。

主语 be动词过去式 例句
I / He / She / It / 单数名词 was I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
He was ill last week. 他上周生病了。
You / We / They / 复数名词 were You were late yesterday. 你昨天迟到了。
They were at the park last Sunday. 他们上周日在公园。

句式变化：

肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他 → She was at school yesterday.
否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 其他 → She was not at school yesterday.
疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ → Was she at school yesterday?
回答：Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.

3. have/has的过去式：had

have/has的过去式都是had，没有人称和数的变化。

（1）表示"有"的过去式：

I had a car last year. 我去年有一辆车。
She had a beautiful dress. 她有一件漂亮的裙子。

（2）表示"得病"：

He had a bad cold yesterday. 他昨天得了重感冒。
I had a headache last night. 我昨晚头疼。

（3）表示"吃、喝"：

I had bread and milk for breakfast. 我早餐吃了面包和牛奶。
We had a good time at the party. 我们在聚会上玩得很开心。

句式变化：

肯定句：主语 + had + 其他 → He had a fever yesterday.
否定句：主语 + didn't have + 其他 → He didn't have a fever yesterday.
疑问句：Did + 主语 + have + 其他？ → Did he have a fever yesterday?
回答：Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.

4. 情态动词must的用法

must是情态动词，表示"必须，应该"，没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。

（1）表示必须做的事：

You must finish your homework first. 你必须先完成作业。
We must call the doctor. 我们必须请医生。

（2）否定式mustn't表示"禁止，不允许"：

You mustn't smoke here. 你不许在这里抽烟。
He mustn't get up yet. 他还不能起床。

（3）must开头的疑问句回答：

- Must I stay in bed? 我必须卧床吗？
- Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. 是的，必须。/ 不，不必。

5. 疾病相关表达

have a cold 感冒 / have a bad cold 得重感冒
have a fever 发烧 / have a temperature 发烧
have a headache 头疼 / have a stomachache 胃疼
have a toothache 牙疼 / have a sore throat 嗓子疼
feel ill 感觉不舒服 / look ill 看上去病了
stay in bed 卧床休息 / take medicine 吃药
see a doctor 看医生 / call the doctor 请医生

配套练习

练习一：用was/were填空

1. I ______ at home yesterday.

2. They ______ at the park last Sunday.

3. He ______ ill last week.

4. We ______ very happy last Christmas.

5. ______ you at school yesterday?

1. was 2. were 3. was 4. were 5. Were

练习二：用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. He ______ (have) a bad cold yesterday.

2. I ______ (be) at the cinema last night.

3. They ______ (not be) at home last weekend.

4. ______ she ______ (have) a fever yesterday? No, she ______.

5. We ______ (have) a good time at the party last Saturday.

1. had 2. was 3. weren't 4. Did, have, didn't 5. had

练习三：按要求改写句子

1. He was at home yesterday.（改为否定句）

2. They were happy last weekend.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）

3. She had a headache last night.（改为否定句）

4. I had bread for breakfast this morning.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）

1. He was not at home yesterday. / He wasn't at home yesterday.

2. Were they happy last weekend? Yes, they were.

3. She didn't have a headache last night.

4. Did you have bread for breakfast this morning? No, I didn't.

练习四：翻译下列句子

1. 他怎么了？他得了重感冒。

2. 你必须卧床休息一周。

3. 我昨天不在家，我在医院。

4. 他昨晚发烧了，所以今天没有去上学。

1. What's the matter with him? He has a bad cold.

2. You must stay in bed for a week.

3. I wasn't at home yesterday. I was in the hospital.

4. He had a fever last night, so he didn't go to school today.

上一课：第57-60课 一般现在时与现在进行时练习 下一课：第65-68课 一般过去时实义动词