Lesson 65-68 | 核心句型：年逾花甲、你什么时候买的 | 语法点：实义动词过去式变化规则、一般过去时句式、特殊疑问句、反身代词
实义动词的过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
| 情况 | 变化规则 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般情况 | 直接加ed | work → worked, play → played, clean → cleaned |
| 以不发音e结尾 | 加d | live → lived, like → liked, dance → danced |
| 以辅音字母+y结尾 | 变y为i加ed | study → studied, carry → carried, cry → cried |
| 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 | 双写最后一个辅音字母加ed | stop → stopped, plan → planned, fit → fitted |
注意：过去式ed的读音规则：
| 句式 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 | He played football yesterday. 他昨天踢足球了。 |
| 否定句 | 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 | He didn't play football yesterday. 他昨天没踢足球。 |
| 一般疑问句 | Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ | Did he play football yesterday? 他昨天踢足球了吗？ |
| 回答 | Yes, 主语 + did. / No, 主语 + didn't. | Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. |
重要规则：否定句和疑问句中，使用了助动词did/didn't之后，后面的实义动词必须用原形！
对过去动作或状态的某一部分提问，用"特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？"结构。
| 疑问词 | 提问对象 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| What | 做了什么 | What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做什么了？ I did my homework. 我做作业了。 |
| When | 什么时候 | When did you come back? 你什么时候回来的？ I came back last night. 我昨晚回来的。 |
| Where | 在哪里 | Where did you go last week? 你上周去哪里了？ I went to Beijing. 我去北京了。 |
| Who | 谁 | Who did you meet? 你遇见谁了？ I met my teacher. 我遇见了我的老师。 |
| How | 如何，怎么样 | How did you go there? 你怎么去那里的？ I went there by plane. 我坐飞机去的。 |
反身代词表示"某人自己"，通常与动词搭配使用，表示动作回到执行者本身。
| 人称 | 单数 | 复数 |
|---|---|---|
| 第一人称 | myself 我自己 | ourselves 我们自己 |
| 第二人称 | yourself 你自己 | yourselves 你们自己 |
| 第三人称 | himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 |
themselves 他们/她们/它们自己 |
| 介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| on | 具体某一天、星期几、节日 | on Monday 在星期一 on June 1st 在6月1日 on Christmas Day 在圣诞节 |
| at | 具体时刻、钟点 | at 8 o'clock 在8点 at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 |
| in | 月份、季节、年份、上午/下午/晚上 | in January 在一月 in winter 在冬天 in 2023 在2023年 in the morning 在上午 |
1. play ______ 2. live ______ 3. study ______ 4. stop ______
5. go ______ 6. do ______ 7. see ______ 8. buy ______
1. played 2. lived 3. studied 4. stopped
5. went 6. did 7. saw 8. bought
1. I ______ (play) basketball with my friends yesterday.
2. She ______ (not go) to school last week because she was ill.
3. - ______ you ______ (buy) a new coat? - Yes, I ______.
4. What ______ you ______ (do) last weekend?
5. They ______ (enjoy) themselves at the party last night.
1. played 2. didn't go 3. Did, buy, did 4. did, do 5. enjoyed
1. I can do it by ______.
2. Help ______ to some fruit, children.
3. She is too young to look after ______.
4. They enjoyed ______ at the beach.
5. He bought ______ a new computer.
1. myself 2. yourselves 3. herself 4. themselves 5. himself
1. 你昨天晚上做什么了？我看了一部电影。
2. 她去年买了一辆新车。
3. 我们昨天在聚会上玩得很开心。
4. 你什么时候买的这双鞋？上周。
1. What did you do last night? I watched a movie.
2. She bought a new car last year.
3. We enjoyed ourselves at the party yesterday.
4. When did you buy this pair of shoes? Last week.