首页 > 第73-76课 问路与现在完成时入门

第73-76课 问路与现在完成时入门

Lesson 73-76 | 核心句型：到国王街怎么走、他什么时间去过那里？| 语法点：现在完成时基本用法、have/has been to、just/already/yet用法

核心句型

1. 第73-74课 到国王街怎么走

Last week Mrs. Mills went to London. 上星期米尔斯夫人去了伦敦。
She does not know London very well, and she lost her way. 她对伦敦不很熟悉，因此迷了路。
Suddenly, she saw a man near a bus stop. 突然，她在公共汽车站附近看到一个男人。
'I can ask him the way,' she said to herself. "我可以向他问路，"她想。
'Excuse me,' she said. 'Can you tell me the way to King Street, please?' "对不起，您能告诉我到国王街怎么走吗？"她说。
The man smiled pleasantly. He did not understand English! 这人友好地笑了笑。他不懂英语！
He spoke German. He was a tourist. 他讲德语。他是个旅游者。
Then he put his hand into his pocket, and took out a phrasebook. 然后他把手伸进衣袋，掏出一本常用语手册。
He opened the book and found a phrase. 他翻开书找到了一条短语。
He read the phrase slowly. 'I am sorry,' he said. 'I do not speak English.' 他缓慢地读着短语："很抱歉，"他说，"我不会讲英语。"

2. 第75-76课 不舒服的鞋子

What size shoes do you wear? 你穿几号鞋？
Size eight. 8号。
What's the matter with them? 它们怎么不好？
They're very uncomfortable. 它们太不舒服了。
When did you buy them? 你什么时候买的？
I bought them the month before last. 我上个月前买的。
Have you got any other shoes? 你有别的鞋吗？
Yes, I have. 是的，我有。
My sister bought this pair last month. 我姐姐上个月买了这双鞋。
Did she buy them here? 她是在这儿买的吗？
No, she bought them in the U.S. 不，她是在美国买的。
We had some shoes like those a month ago, but we haven't got any now. 一个月前我们有那样的鞋，但现在没有了。
Can you get a pair for me, please? 您能为我找一双吗？
I'm afraid that I can't. 恐怕不行。
They were in fashion last year and the year before last. 这鞋去年和前年很流行。
But they're not in fashion this year. 但今年不流行了。

语法知识点

1. 现在完成时基本用法

现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

结构：have/has + 动词过去分词

人称 助动词 例句
第一、二人称单复数
第三人称复数		 have I have finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。
They have lived here for 5 years. 他们在这里住了5年了。
第三人称单数 has He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
She has bought a new house. 她买了一栋新房子。

基本特点：

① 动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响
② 不强调动作发生的具体时间，不与过去时间状语（yesterday, last week等）连用
③ 常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, recently等连用

2. 现在完成时句式结构

句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 I have already finished my work. 我已经完成了我的工作。
否定句 主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他 I haven't finished my work yet. 我还没完成我的工作。
一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Have you finished your work? 你完成你的工作了吗？
回答 Yes, 主语 + have/has. / No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ What have you done? 你做了什么？

3. have/has been to 和 have/has gone to 的区别

短语 含义 用法 例句
have/has been to 去过某地（已经回来） 表示过去的经历，人现在在说话地 I have been to Shanghai twice. 我去过上海两次。（现在不在上海）
have/has gone to 去了某地（还没回来） 表示人已经去了某地，现在不在说话地 He has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了。（现在在上海或在去的路上）

4. just, already, yet的用法

这三个副词都常与现在完成时连用，但位置和用法不同：

副词 含义 用法 位置 例句
just 刚刚，刚才 用于肯定句 放在have/has和过去分词之间 I have just finished my homework. 我刚做完作业。
already 已经 用于肯定句，语气较强 放在have/has和过去分词之间，也可放在句末 He has already left. 他已经走了。
yet 还，仍然，已经 否定句：表示"还，尚未" 放在句末 I haven't finished my homework yet. 我还没做完作业。
疑问句：表示"已经" Have you finished your homework yet? 你做完作业了吗？

5. 动词过去分词变化规则

规则动词的过去分词与过去式变化相同，不规则动词需要特殊记忆：

规则变化：

① 一般情况加ed：work → worked → worked
② 以e结尾加d：live → lived → lived
③ 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加ed：study → studied → studied
④ 重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed：stop → stopped → stopped

不规则变化举例：

go → went → gone
do → did → done
see → saw → seen
eat → ate → eaten
buy → bought → bought
have → had → had
be → was/were → been

6. 问路常用表达

Excuse me, can you tell me the way to ...? 对不起，你能告诉我去……的路吗？
How can I get to ...? 我怎么才能到……？
Where is ...? ……在哪里？
Which bus goes to ...? 哪路公共汽车去……？
Go straight ahead. 一直往前走。
Turn left/right at the second crossing. 在第二个十字路口左/右转。
It's on your left/right. 在你的左/右边。
You can take the No. 5 bus. 你可以坐5路公共汽车。

配套练习

练习一：用have/has been to 或 have/has gone to 填空

1. - Where is Tom? - He ______ the library. He will be back soon.

2. I ______ Paris three times. It's a beautiful city.

3. My parents ______ Beijing. They are visiting the Great Wall now.

4. ______ you ever ______ Sydney?

5. She isn't here. She ______ the supermarket.

1. has gone to 2. have been to 3. have gone to 4. Have, been to 5. has gone to

练习二：用just, already, yet填空

1. I have ______ finished my work. I can go home now.

2. Have you cleaned your room ______?

3. He hasn't come back ______.

4. We have ______ seen that film. Let's watch another one.

5. - Would you like something to eat? - No, thanks. I've ______ had dinner.

1. just/already 2. yet 3. yet 4. already 5. just/already

练习三：用所给动词的适当形式填空（现在完成时）

1. I ______ already ______ (see) the film. I don't want to see it again.

2. He ______ (not finish) his homework yet.

3. - ______ you ever ______ (visit) the Great Wall? - No, I ______.

4. They ______ (live) in this city since 2010.

5. She ______ just ______ (buy) a new dress.

1. have, seen 2. hasn't finished 3. Have, visited, haven't 4. have lived 5. has, bought

练习四：翻译下列句子

1. 我已经去过长城两次了。

2. 他刚做完作业。

3. 你完成工作了吗？还没有。

4. 对不起，你能告诉我去最近的地铁站怎么走吗？

1. I have been to the Great Wall twice.

2. He has just finished his homework.

3. - Have you finished your work yet? - No, not yet.

4. Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the nearest subway station?

上一课：第69-72课 过去进行时与时间状语从句 下一课：第77-80课 现在完成时延续性用法